the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet

e. Essentialism. Blatant biases (also called explicit biases) are conscious beliefs, feelings, and behavior that people are perfectly willing to admit, which express hostility toward other groups (outgroups) while unduly favoring ones own group (in-group). Mr. Wong, a high school teacher, tells his class that he thinks boys tend to be less anxious and, thus, give better speeches than girls. Chapter 7 Flashcards | Chegg.com PPP and ( 1 at p)p)p). Tajfel (1979) proposed that the groups (e.g. Which of the following is true of violent male criminals? c. deindividuation. the tendency to favor our own group: scapegoat theory: the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame: other-race effect: the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. When people would like a certain idea or concept to be true, they end up believing it to be true. maxxa+ysubjecttopx+y=m. chapter_12 - CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. The tendency to Sadly, this can result in consequential discrimination, such as allocating fewer resources to disliked outgroups (Rudman & Ashmore, 2009). This might remind you of self-determination theory, with its focus on autonomy, relatedness, and competence. Another case in which people judge other members of the ingroup very negatively occurs when a member of one's own group behaves in a . This is not to suggest that actual older people are not competent, of course, but that they are not widely admired for their accumulated wisdom. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.). We identify o we compare ingroup bias o tendency to. Do you know more people from different kinds of social groups than your parents did? Misra, S., Le, P.T., Goldmann, E. & Yang, L.H. Verbal behavior intended to hurt another person is an example of: a. amygdala Prejudice, Discrimination, and Stereotyping | Noba An increase in ________ has been followed by more positive attitudes between South African Whites and Blacks. This is an especially useful way to measure potential biases because it does not simply ask people to openly report on the extent to which they discriminate against others. Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J. C., & Glick, P. (2007). Two months before the 2018 midterms, President Trump had a 40% job approval rating. The nonverbal mediation of self-fulfilling prophecies in interracial interaction. Social facilitation refers to the tendency to, Perform well learned tasks more effectively in the presence of others, Expert pool players were observed to make 71 percent of their shots when alone. An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them. On your way to school one day, ask yourself how many types of vehicles breeze down Main St U.S.A., on the average? When it comes time to categorize ice cream as good or bad, you may still categorize it as good, but you will likely be a little slowerperhaps even fractions of a second slower-- in arriving at this judgment. More recently, during the COVID-19 pandemic, some people held hostile views of Asian-Americans, who they perceived as being associated with the coronavirus (Misra, Le, Goldmann & Yang, 2020). Social identity theory (Tajfel, Billig, Bundy, & Flament, 1971) describes this tendency to favor ones own in-group over anothers outgroup. D) GRIT. The Milgram obedience experiments were controversial because the: "Teachers" were deceived and frequently subjected to stress. d. ingroup bias., Kelly is a Republican and Carlos is a Democrat. The tendency to see the beliefs, values, and customs of one's own culture or group as "right" or "natural" is called a. ethnicity. The larger issue, however, is that own-group preference often results in liking other groups less. (1998). CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. - Course Hero Which branch of psychology is most connected with the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another, Attribution theory was designed to account for, Ksana insists that her boyfriends car accident resulted form his carelessness. Racial stereotypes of one hundred college students. lowering the value of ones house; fewer openings in the school; etc.). Free Group Study Rooms with Timer & Music | Fiveable This includes interference, displacement, and Stereotypes are the _______ component of a negative attitude towards a group of people. Just ask yourself if youve ever been asked, What are you? This question is frequently asked to people about their ethnicity, national origin, gender identity, religion, and other group affiliations. His increasing hostility can best be explained in terms of, In laboratory experiments, merely observing someone receive painful electric shocks leads viewers to think less of the victim. In the context of distinctiveness, you are most likely to introduce your roommate to your friends as: When the British made a group of German civilians walk through a concentration camp at the close of World War II, one German responded: "What terrible criminals these prisoners must have been to receive such treatment." Chapter 12 Flashcards | Quizlet C) a perceived incompatibility of actions or goals. a personality that is disposed to favor obedience to authority and intolerance of outgroups and those lower in status . a. groupthink bias b.ingroup bias c.outgroup bias d. intergroup bias According to current research of aggression, which of the following statements is. She tends to overpraise his achievements in order to avoid appearing biased. The principle that frustrationthe blocking of an attempt to achieve some goalcreates anger, which can generate aggression. ____________ can be defined as any physical or verbal behavior that is intended to hurt or destroy. The tendency to favor one's own ethnic group over other groups is called. A) Having a limited, narrow, or self-centered perspective. Narcissism is the tendency to view one's own culture or group as Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias, the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get, physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone, the principle that frustrationthe blocking of an attempt to achieve some goalcreates anger, which can generate aggression, the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them, an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship, the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined, a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it, revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others, unselfish regard for the welfare of others, the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present, the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs, an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them, an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them, a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas, a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior, mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive, shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation, Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reductiona strategy designed to decrease international tensions. Female 1: I have my ups and downs just like anybody else. Ever since he received notice of his probation, Montel has become increasingly hostile toward racial minority students and staff on campus. But when he noticed several adults walk past the man, he concluded that the man did not need any help. They are motivated by . In terms of basic social categories, the members of Nestor's cross-country ski club are the _____ and the members of the downhill ski club are the _____. People are often biased against others outside of their own social group, showing prejudice (emotional bias), stereotypes (cognitive bias), and discrimination (behavioral bias). In political science, Duverger's law holds that single-ballot majoritarian elections with single-member districts (such as first past the post) tend to favor a two-party system.The discovery of this tendency is attributed to Maurice Duverger, a French sociologist who observed the effect and recorded it in several papers published in the 1950s and 1960s. A set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave. His reaction most clearly illustrates one of the dynamics involved in, An expectation that people will help those who depend on them is known as the, Two conflicting groups who share the same negative views of one another demonstrate. ppp and mmm, and check their signs. Frontiers | Preferences and beliefs in ingroup favoritism Peter Principle: The Peter Principle is an observation that the tendency in most organizational hierarchies , such as that of a corporation, is for every employee to rise in the hierarchy through . Categories . These four kinds of stereotypes and their associated emotional prejudices (see Figure 2) occur all over the world and apply to each societys own groups. Narcissism is the tendency to view one's own culture or group as superior to others is a false statement. In-group favoritism - Wikipedia Which of the following statements is likely to be true of Bill? Overgeneralized beliefs about a group of people that often underlie prejudicial emotions are called, Studies of implicit attitudes indicate that prejudice is often, Prejudice can be not only subtle but also automatic and unconscious. What causes a gain or loss on the sale of a bond investment? For example, if two classes of children want to play on the same soccer field, the classes will come to dislike each other not because of any real, objectionable traits about the other group. d. encouraging them to engage in more thoughtful moral reasoning. HLT. During lunch a group of computer science majors were discussing their choice of field. Which of the following terms refers to the tendency to view members of This best illustrates that victim blaming is fueled by: Confirmation Bias: Definition, Signs, Overcoming - Verywell Mind We study in-group favouritism and out-group discrimination in a multiplayer dictator game in a naturally occuring group setting. These types of stereotypes were overt, unapologetic, and expected to be shared by otherswhat we now call blatant biases. They were generalizations about a group, since most of the college students did not interact with people from Turkey. d. sensory cortex. Brewer, M. B., & Brown, R. J. CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. Both believe that the members of their own political party are more fair-minded and trustworthy than members of any other party. d. encouraging them to engage in more thoughtful moral reasoning. The scale, from Luhtanen and Crocker (1992), is shown in Table 12.2 "The Collective Self-Esteem Scale". Finally, the tendency to categorize can be associated with discrimination. Female 3: But you know your kid better than anybody else and if you think he's acting different than usual, Male 1: acting really down, crying all the time for no good . The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable. Draw a circle graph with this information. When it comes to relationships, it is valuable to remember that negative comments usually carry much more weight than positive ones. (c) How does the optimal expenditure on the xxx good vary with ppp ? Table 12.2 The Collective Self-Esteem Scale. 30. b. egocentrism.c. Women are in poverty and are uneducated more. How is it that entire groups of people were left out of political participation, justice, and freedom? The IAT is sensitive to very slight hesitations that result from having automatic or unconscious biases. (Check the elasticity of px(p,m)p x^*(p, m)px(p,m) w.r.t. What is a FALSE statement regarding the research on microaggressions. Ch. 12 Key Terms - Psychology 2e | OpenStax Greenwald, A. G., Banaji, M. R., Rudman, L. A., Farnham, S. D., Nosek, B. Tendency - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms | Vocabulary.com Most people have a positive view of themselves. Research on the biology of aggression has clearly demonstrated that: Historically, The President's Party Performs Poorly In The - Forbes a. cognitive dissonance. Social Psychology Flashcards | Quizlet In fact, this finding generally holds regardless of whether ones group is measured according race, age, religion, nationality, and even temporary, insignificant memberships. This example is an illustration of: If researchers found that people take longer to identify words such as assertive and bold as "strong" when the words are associated with female faces rather than with male faces, this finding would illustrate: One example of ratee bias is egocentric bias, which is best described as the tendency to: a. evaluate one; The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others is: A) consistency. Pages 14 1. A petty cash fund of $200 was established on April 1, 2016. In-group favouritism and out-group discrimination in naturally - PLOS A) perform well-learned tasks more effectively in the presence of others. Influence (conforming) resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality. b. deindividuation. This sends subtle cues to the applicant that she is not being taken seriously, is not a good fit for the job, or is not likely to get hired. p.)\left.p.\right)p.). This best illustrates, Social loafing referes to the tendency for people to, Exert less effort when they pool their efforts toward a common goal. Betty and Tina are in the third grade. Psychology- CH. 11 intergroup relations Flashcards | Quizlet C) more readily comply with a large request if they previously complied with a small request. Twenty Wallonians were arrested for nonviolent crimes, whereas 20 Pireaneans were arrested for violent crimes. It was considered acceptable to openly disparage entire groups of people and to pass laws that restricted or harmed these groups. Prejudice, Discrimination, and Stereotyping, Greenwald, Banaji, Rudman, Farnham, Nosek, & Mellott, 2002, Greenwald, Poehlman, Uhlmann, & Banaji, 2009, https://onlinepsych.pepperdine.edu/blog/prejudice-discrimination-coping-skills/, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. He believes in strict obedience to authority and is intolerant of weakness in others. b. there is no physiological basis for aggression in humans. Katz, D., & Braly, K. (1933). 2. an inclination, bent, or predisposition to something. Similarly, Ecuador guarantees the fundamental right to sexual orientation and gender identity. c. deindividuation. Male 3: I don't want you looking over my shoulder all the time. What is NOT a reason why watching media violence have negative consequences. Consider the utility maximization problem, maxxa+ysubjecttopx+y=m\max x^a+y \quad \text { subject to } p x+y=m In the context of the relationship between religion and racial prejudice, if one defines religiousness as . We also want to know whether the members of the group are competent enough to act on their good or ill intentions. The result is seeing people who live in subsidized housing, or who like comic books, or who are religious, or who have autism as one homogenous group with little variation. experiments were performed despite mass student protests against the research. social identity theory | Definition, History, Examples, & Facts Because the attributes of group categories can be either good or bad, we tend to favor the groups with people like us and incidentally disfavor the others. We categorize people according to their citizenship, gender, allegiance to a sports team, and university affiliation, among other qualities. Psychological impact of anti-Asian stigma due to COVID-19 pandemic: A call for research, practice, and policy responses.